LINUX LPI
LPIC NIVEL JUNIOR DO LINUX PROFESSIONAL (LPIC-1) - EXAME 101
- UTILIZAÇÃO DO LINUX SHELL - [259928_ENG
Descrição
understand OS terminology and be able to interact with the shell and commands via the command line interface.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.8
Objectivos
Using the Linux Shell
• identify the basic characteristics of the Linux operating system.
• identify the advantages of the Linux shell and some of the main versions.
• use shell commands to verify the environment, find information about commands, use shortcuts, and support multitasking.
• issue basic shell commands to handle directory and file information.
• use special characters in Linux commands.
• interact with the shell environment.
• set the PATH environment variable in a secure way.
• use the history facility and edit previously entered commands.
• use some of the advanced facilities of the command line.
• use the Linux shell to execute commands and manipulate files.
Número do curso: 259928_eng
- REDIRECCIONAMENTO DE ABORDAGENS E PROCESSOS DE CONTROLE - [259929_ENG]
Descrição
recognize the steps for applying filters to text streams as well as redirecting and piping the input and output of commands and Linux processes.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 1.7
Objectivos
Redirection Approaches and Process Control
• select the correct command redirection approach offered by Linux.
• issue redirection commands to redirect input and output to and from utilities.
• recognize how Linux manages processes using the ps, bg, and fg commands.
• select the commands used to manage asynchronous processes in Linux.
• view and change the priority of processes.
• manage priorities using the Linux shell.
Número do curso: 259929_eng
- GESTÃO DE PROCESSAMENTO DE TEXTO - [259930_ENG]
Descrição
search text files using regular expressions and make simple changes.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.7
Objectivos
Managing and Processing Text
• recognize how metacharacters are used in both filename generation and regular expressions.
• search files using the grep command family.
• select the sed commands that search through files and make simple changes.
• search and edits files with grep and sed.
• recognize the key functionality provided by Linux text-processing utilities.
• select the Linux commands used to filter text.
• select vi commands for editing text.
• select the vi commands used to search and replace text.
• select the vi commands to manipulate text.
Número do curso: 259930_eng
- GESTÃO DE FICHEIROS EM LINUX - [259931_ENG]
Descrição
understand the Linux file system and to manage file ownership and permissions.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.7
Objectivos
Managing Files in Linux
• recognize the main characteristics of the way Linux manages files.
• recognize how to navigate resources in the Linux file system hierarchy.
• select the commands used to find files and command locations.
• identify files using which, updatedb, locate, and find.
• select the commands used to manage hard and symbolic links.
• select the commands that set permissions and change attributes on Linux files.
• select the commands used to set permissions on files and directories.
• set special permissions SUID, SGID, and sticky bits for files and change the default file creation mode using umask.
• select the correct options for the chown and chgrp commands.
Número do curso: 259931_eng
MONTAGEM E GESTÃO DE SISTEMAS DE FICHEIROS - [259932_ENG]
Descrição
configure Linux file systems for mounting and unmounting
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 1.7
Objectivos
Mounting and Managing File Systems
• explain how to mount Linux file systems.
• select the options that configure file systems so that they automatically mount on startup.
• select the commands used to mount and unmount file systems manually.
• select the appropriate commands and techniques to monitor and manage disk space.
• check file systems and correct problems.
• identify disk free space and check file usage in Linux.
Número do curso: 259932_eng
- DIVISÓRIAS, SISTEMAS DE ARQUIVO, E QUOTAS DO DISCO - [259933_ENG]
Descrição
configure file system mounting, mount and unmount file systems, and manage disk quotas for users.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 1.4
Objectivos
Partitions, File Systems, and Disk Quotas
• recognize the role of partitions in Linux.
• select the commands that create partitions and file systems.
• describe what disk quotas are and how to view them.
• select the command options used to manage user disk quotas.
• select the commands used to manage partitions, file systems, and disk quotas.
Número do curso: 259933_eng
- REQUISITOS DE HARDWARE - [259934_ENG]
Descrição
identify the hardware requirements for different Linux installations.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 1.6
Objectivos
Hardware Requirements
• identify the compatibility of various hardware elements with Linux.
• choose compatible hardware for a Linux system.
• identify the main characteristics of interrupt requests (IRQs), direct memory access (DMA) channels, and input/output (I/O) addresses in Linux.
• identify the principal methods for managing the BIOS.
• resolve common hardware issues related to Linux installations.
Número do curso: 259934_eng
- CONFIGURAÇÕES DE HARDWARE PARA LINUX - [259935_ENG]
Descrição
appreciate the hardware issues surounding a Linux installation
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.3
Objectivos
Hardware Configurations for Linux
• identify the principal methods for configuring SCSI devices.
• identify the principal methods of configuring PCI and ISA buses.
• select the principal methods for configuring sound cards and ensuring compatibility requirements.
• select the steps and commands used to configure the appropriate hardware devices for a Linux installation.
• identify the main characteristics of the three major standards for communicating with peripheral devices.
• identify the steps for configuring ISDN and DSL connections with the Network Administration Tool.
• identify the methods for configuring Linux for USB devices.
• select the steps and commands used to configure Linux to handle peripheral devices.
Número do curso: 259935_eng
- INSTALAÇÃO DE LINUX - [259936_ENG]
Descrição
use the tools associated with Debian and Red Hat package management.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 1.3
Objectivos
Managing Debian and Red Hat Packages
• use the dpkg and dselect components of the Debian package management system.
• use the apt-get and alien components of the Debian package management system.
• use RPM commands to manage packages.
• use appropriate commands associated with Debian and Red Hat package management systems.
Número do curso: 259937_eng
GESTÃO DE DEBIAN E DE PACOTES RED HAT - [259937_ENG]
Descrição
use the tools associated with Debian and Red Hat package management.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Expected Duration (hours): 1.3
Lesson Objectives
Managing Debian and Red Hat Packages
• use the dpkg and dselect components of the Debian package management system.
• use the apt-get and alien components of the Debian package management system.
• use RPM commands to manage packages.
• use appropriate commands associated with Debian and Red Hat package management systems.
Número do curso: 259937_eng
- ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO SISTEMA WINDOW X - [259938_ENG]
Descrição
show the techniques for installing and configuring the X Window System.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 1.9
Objectivos
Administering the X Window System
• identify the functions of the principal components of the X Window System.
• identify the steps involved in installing and configuring the X Window System in Linux.
• configure an X Window System, identify the layout of a typical X configuration file, and use two common configuration tools.
• set up and customize a display manager.
• install and customize a system-wide desktop environment or window manager.
• perform key tasks related to installing and configuring the X Window System.
Número do curso: 259938_eng
LPIC NIVEL JUNIOR DO LINUX PROFESSIONAL (LPIC-1) - EXAME 102
- AS SEMENTES LINUX - [259939_ENG]
Descrição
identify the main factors involved in installing, configuring, and managing the Linux kernel.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.2
Objectivos
The Linux Kernel
• identify the function of the Linux kernel and its associated features.
• identify the steps and associated tasks involved in preparing for Linux kernel installation.
• use a config program to create a Linux kernel configuration file.
• identify the appropriate steps and commands used to compile and install a new Linux kernel.
• configure, compile, and install a Linux kernel.
• carry out the main tasks involved in managing kernel modules in Linux.
• manually load and unload modules and discuss the automatic kernel loading mechanism.
• manage kernel modules in an enterprise setting.
Número do curso: 259939_eng
- ESCREVER SCRIPTS SHELL EM LINUX - [259941_ENG]
Descrição
outline how to write the main components of shell scripts in Linux
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.9
Objectivos
Writing Shell Scripts in Linux
• identify the appropriate tasks and commands to make a shell script executable for users.
• select the appropriate commands used to write a basic script in Linux.
• work with conditional statements in Linux.
• work with test commands in Linux.
• create a Linux shell script that displays a list of files edited by a user.
• work with looping statements in Linux shell scripts.
• use loops to process files.
• recognize the appropriate shell script command lines used to process user input and output files in Linux.
• identify the appropriate code used to group statements into functions in Linux.
• develop input and output files and group statements into functions in Linux.
Número do curso: 259941_eng
- TAREFAS ADMINISTRATIVAS E DE DOCUMENTAÇÃO NO LINUX - [259942_ENG]
Descrição
understand the main tasks involved in the Linux boot and shutdown process
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 1.8
Objectivos
Administrative and Documentation Tasks in Linux
• identify the events involved in the Linux boot process.
• use LILO and GRUB to boot up the Linux system.
• identify the Linux run levels and the associated commands for several common distributions.
• identify the events involved in the Linux boot process.
• boot the Linux system into rescue mode.
• manage and configure access to Linux documentation.
• identify the different types of Linux documentation available on the Internet and the information that they provide.
• manage Linux documentation in the local system.
Número do curso: 259942_eng
- GESTÃO DE GRUPOS E CONTAS DE UTILIZADORES LINUX - [259943_ENG]
Descrição
identify the main issues involved in creating and managing Linux user and group accounts.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.2
Objectivos
Managing Linux User and Group Accounts
• identify the features of the Linux user, superuser, and group accounts.
• work with a Linux password file.
• add and manage user accounts in Linux.
• work with global and user profiles in Linux.
• create and modify new user accounts in Linux.
• manage group accounts in Linux.
• identify a suitable strategy to secure Linux account information.
• create and administer group accounts in Linux.
Número do curso: 259943_eng
- ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE TAREFAS DE SISTEMA LINUX E ESTRATÉGIAS DE BACKUP - [259944_ENG]
Descrição
recognize the steps for administering Linux system tasks and implement suitable backup strategies and schedules.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 3.3
Objectivos
Administering Linux System Tasks and Backup Strategies
• identify the function of the syslog daemon and default files, and to outline the commands associated with each.
• work with the /etc/syslog.conf file and its associated message logs.
• recognize the appropriate commands to implement the rotation and archiving of logs.
• administer the syslog daemon and implement log rotation in Linux.
• use at commands to manage job schedules in Linux.
• use cron to schedule jobs in Linux.
• distinguish between the levels of user access to jobs running in the cron and at services.
• work with cron in Linux.
• identify the main factors involved in developing a suitable Linux backup strategy.
• identify a suitable Linux backup strategy and schedule for a given scenario.
• identify the appropriate commands for implementing Linux backups and restoration.
• plan and implement a backup strategy.
Número do curso: 259944_eng
- FUNDAMENTOS DE REDES EM LINUX - [259945_ENG]
Descrição
identify networking fundamentals in Linux.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 3.4
Objectivos
Networking Fundamentals in Linux
• identify the characteristics of basic TCP/IP networking in Linux.
• identify the underlying principles of IP subnets.
• identify the characteristics of basic TCP/IP networking in Linux using the IPv6 network layer.
• identify the Linux files you use to configure TCP/IP.
• configure network interfaces using the ifconfig program.
• view or configure the routing table.
• monitor and troubleshoot a TCP/IP network using Linux tools.
• configure TCP/IP.
• identify how to set up PPP for use on a Linux system.
• use PPP to initiate, terminate, and troubleshoot PPP connections.
• use different options available when establishing a PPP connection for a given scenario.
Número do curso: 259945_eng
- SERVIÇOS DE REDES EM LINUX - [259946_ENG]
Descrição
identify networking fundamentals in Linux.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 3.4
Objectivos
Networking Fundamentals in Linux
• identify the characteristics of basic TCP/IP networking in Linux.
• identify the underlying principles of IP subnets.
• identify the characteristics of basic TCP/IP networking in Linux using the IPv6 network layer.
• identify the Linux files you use to configure TCP/IP.
• configure network interfaces using the ifconfig program.
• view or configure the routing table.
• monitor and troubleshoot a TCP/IP network using Linux tools.
• configure TCP/IP.
• identify how to set up PPP for use on a Linux system.
• use PPP to initiate, terminate, and troubleshoot PPP connections.
• use different options available when establishing a PPP connection for a given scenario.
Número do curso: 259945_eng
- TRABALHO COM SENDMAIL E APACHE - [259947_ENG]
Descrição
use sendmail and manage servers with Apache in Linux.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 2.2
Objectivos
Working with Sendmail and Apache
• identify e-mail format, functionality, and protocols.
• administer the sendmail administration files.
• manage the sendmail configuration files.
• manage sendmail.
• identify the features of Apache and administer the Apache configuration files.
• configure a web site with Apache.
• manage an Apache web server.
Número do curso: 259947_eng
- SEGURANÇA NUM AMBIENTE LINUX - [259948_ENG]
Descrição
identify the security options available within a Linux environment
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 3.2
Objectivos
Security in a Linux Environment
• identify threats to a Linux system and how you can minimize risks.
• identify the measures to take to improve system security.
• perform administrative tasks to secure files and directories.
• use tactics to detect unauthorized access to a Linux system.
• verify the integrity of packages.
• identify the steps you can take to overcome the risks posed by insecure passwords.
• use PAM to set limits on the system resources users can obtain.
• set user limits using the ulimit command.
• install and run SSH.
• specify security options in a given scenario.
Número do curso: 259948_eng
IMPRESSÃO EM LINUX - [259940_ENG]
Descrição
identify how to install printers and print filters in Linux and administer printing.
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the basic skills required as a Linux system administrator.
Pré-requisitos
General knowledge of computers and computer operating systems ideally encompassing Unix knowledge because of the similarity to Linux.
Duração esperada (horas): 3.2
Objectivos
Printing in Linux
• identify the steps and commands used to install local and network printers in Linux.
• install print filters in Linux.
• install printers and print filters in Linux.
• select the appropriate commands to print a file in Linux.
• query a print queue and cancel print jobs.
• manage printing issues and problems in Linux.
• administer printers in Linux.
• add and administer printers using CUPS.
• add printers using the KDE CUPS front-end and print from a graphical KDE application.
• manage printers using the GNOME CUPS front-end and print from a graphical application in GNOME.
• manage printers using CUPS.
Número do curso: 259940_eng
LINUX LPI LEVEL 2
SISTEMA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO INTERMEDIÁRIO LINUX
- COMPILAÇÃO DO LINUX KERNEL E INÍCIO DO SISTEMA - [221118_ENG]
Descrição
To describe how to compile the Linux kernel and configure system startup files
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Duração esperada (horas): 2.3
Objectivos
Linux Kernel Compilation and System Startup
• identify the characteristics of Linux kernels and kernel modules.
• recognize the procedure for compiling and installing a Linux kernel.
• compile and install a Linux kernel.
• patch a Linux kernel.
• configure kernel modules and modify kernel settings.
• customize Linux system startup and boot processes.
• recognize how to manipulate the Linux boot process and recover from filesystem failures.
• customize Linux system startup and perform system recovery tasks.
Número do curso: 221118_eng
GESTÃO E PARTILHA DE FICHEIROS LINUX FILESYSTEM - [221129_ENG]
Descrição
To describe techniques for managing the Linux filesystem and configuring file and service sharing
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Expected Duration (hours): 2.4
Lesson Objectives
Linux Filesystem Management and File Sharing
• identify the commands and utilities used to create and configure the Linux filesystem.
• use system utilities to maintain a Linux filesystem.
• configure filesystem automounting and create a filesystem for CD-ROMs.
• create and configure a Linux filesystem.
• configure a Samba server and access it from Linux.
• configure the Network File System (NFS).
• configure a Samba server and the Network File System (NFS).
• identify the tasks required to configure DHCP on Linux systems.
Número do curso: 221129_eng
CONFIGURAÇÃO DAS REDE LINUX - [221146_ENG]
Descrição
To describe techniques for configuring network clients and DNS services
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Duração esperada (horas): 2.0
Objectivos
Linux Networking Configuration
• configure a Linux client for dial-up networking.
• identify the requirements for a Linux VPN implementation and distinguish between troubleshooting utilities.
• perform network client configuration tasks.
• recognize how to perform basic BIND 8 configuration tasks.
• create a DNS zone file and test the DNS configuration.
• configure DNS zones on a Linux system.
• identify methods for securing a Linux DNS server.
Número do curso: 221146_eng
REDE DE SERVIÇOS LINUX - [221157_ENG]
Descrição
To describe how to configure mail and news services and install web servers
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Duração esperada (horas): 2.7
Objectivos
Linux Networking Services
• configure a Majordomo mailing list.
• recognize the components and features of a typical Sendmail configuration.
• use Procmail to manage mail traffic.
• recognize the commands and files used to install and configure a news server.
• configure mail and news services.
• recognize the procedure for installing and configuring an Apache Server.
• configure virtual hosting on an Apache web server and install an SSL certificate.
• identify characteristics of Apache web server and virtual hosting configurations.
• recognize the key characteristics and security features of Squid.
Número do curso: 221157_eng
- CONFIGURAÇÃO DE HARDWARE E SISTEMA DE MANUTENÇÃO LINUX - [221174_ENG]
Descrição
To outline methods for configuring hardware devices and to describe common system maintenance tasks
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Duração esperada (horas): 2.7
Objectivos
Linux Hardware Configuration and System Maintenance
• configure and implement software RAID.
• identify procedures for installing new hardware devices in Linux.
• recognize how to configure kernel options to support hardware devices.
• configure software RAID and logical volumes.
• recognize utilities and commands used to configure PCMCIA devices.
• configure system logging.
• recognize the procedure for building DEB and RPM packages.
• identify factors to consider when formulating a backup plan.
• configure system logging and recognize the requirements for a debian package installation.
Número do curso: 221174_eng
SEGURANÇA NUM AMBIENTE LINUX - [222680_ENG]
Descrição
To describe methods for securing Linux system resources
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Duração esperada (horas): 2.8
Objectivos
Security in the Linux Environment
• recognize how to configure NIS.
• recognize how to install and configure an LDAP server.
• recognize how to configure PAM authentication.
• configure LDAP and PAM authentication.
• recognize the characteristics of IP chains and IP tables.
• identify methods for restricting access to FTP servers.
• recognize how to configure OpenSSH.
• configure TCP wrappers.
• restrict access to system resources using OpenSSH and TCP wrappers.
Número do curso: 222680_eng
- SISTEMA DE CUSTOMIZAÇÃO E AUTOMAÇÃO LINUX - [221197_ENG]
Descrição
To discuss common scripting languages and to describe methods for automating Linux system tasks
Público alvo
Students wishing to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Duração esperada (horas): 2.2
Objectivos
Linux System Customization and Automation
• write a simple search pattern as a regular expression.
• recognize the features and characteristics of Perl.
• recognize how to create simple Bourne shell scripts and identify the structure of conditional statements.
• recognize the function of sed and awk.
• write regular expressions and create a simple Perl script.
• recognize how to configure and run the rsync client.
• recognize how to schedule tasks using crontab and the at command.
• configure schedules using crontab and the at command.
Número do curso: 221197_eng
- RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS LINUX - [221186_ENG]
Descrição
To describe how to troubleshoot local system and networking issues in Linux
Público alvo
to acquire the intermediate skills required as a Linux system administrator
Pré-requisitos
A knowledge of basic Linux system administration
Duração esperada (horas): 2.2
Objectivos
Linux Troubleshooting
• recognize how to create boot disks and root disks.
• determine, from the boot-up text, the distinction between the four stages of the boot sequence.
• recognize the characteristics of LILO and determine the cause of LILO errors.
• create a boot disk and troubleshoot boot errors.
• identify the source of common local system configuration problems.
• identify factors that can affect the performance of shell programs.
• recognize how to troubleshoot common network problems.
• use appropriate tools and commands to determine the source of network problems.
Número do curso: 221186_eng